探索山蒜科植物在心血管健康中的作用：焦點在含硫化合物

心血管疾病是全球主要的死因之一，與糖尿病、高血壓和血脂異常等健康問題緊密相關。面對這一挑戰，山蒜科植物及其豐富的硫化合物成分顯示出顯著的治療和預防潛力。這些植物，特別是大蒜（Allium sativum）和洋蔥（Allium cepa），在傳統醫學中被廣泛使用，並通過現代科學研究證實其對心血管健康的貢獻。 

山蒜科植物的傳統應用與臨床效果

山蒜科植物在多個文化中長期被用作心血管疾病的天然療法。這些植物含有豐富的半胱氨酸亞磺酸鹽衍生物，例如蒜氨酸，能夠轉化為如大蒜素等有力的含硫化合物。這些化合物已在臨床前研究和臨床試驗中證明具有改善心血管功能的能力。

含硫化合物的作用與臨床試驗

在山蒜科植物中，尤其是蒜類和夜來香屬植物中發現的硫化合物對心血管健康具有重要意義。臨床試驗顯示，這些植物的不同劑量和使用方式對心臟的保護作用各異。這些發現揭示了山蒜科植物在心血管疾病治療中的多樣性和潛力。

研究結論和前景

總體來看，山蒜科植物在心血管健康管理中扮演了重要角色。其中，大蒜和洋蔥的傳統用途和臨床證據尤為突出。這些植物不僅對抗血小板聚集、抗糖尿病和抗血脂異常展現出顯著的效果，還能保護心臟免受動脈粥樣硬化的傷害。然而，Allium jacquermontii、Allium rotundum 和 Tulbaghia alliacea 等其他物種仍需更多科學研究以確定其在心血管疾病預防和治療中的應用價值。

結論

山蒜科植物的研究為心臟病學提供了新的見解，尤其是在心肌缺血-再灌注損傷的治療和預防方面。這些植物提取物中的天然化合物對心肌功能的恢復具有顯著作用，這部分得益於其抗氧化活性。未來研究將進一步探索這些植物物種在不同心肌缺血-再灌注損傷模型中的治療潛力，為開發新的心血管疾病預防和治療方法提供更多證據。


Review 

Plants (Basel)




. 2022 Jul 25;11(15):1920. doi: 10.3390/plants11151920.

Natural Products in Cardiovascular Diseases: The Potential of Plants from the Allioideae Subfamily (Ex-Alliaceae Family) and Their Sulphur-Containing Compounds

Jorge M Alves-Silva 1 2 3 4, Mónica Zuzarte 1 3 4, Henrique Girão 1 3 4, Lígia Salgueiro 2 5

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Free PMC article

Abstract

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of mortality worldwide and, together with associated risk factors such as diabetes, hypertension, and dyslipidaemia, greatly impact patients' quality of life and health care systems. This burden can be alleviated by fomenting lifestyle modifications and/or resorting to pharmacological approaches. However, due to several side effects, current therapies show low patient compliance, thus compromising their efficacy and enforcing the need to develop more amenable preventive/therapeutic strategies. In this scenario, medicinal and aromatic plants are a potential source of new effective agents. Specifically, plants from the Allioideae subfamily (formerly Alliaceae family), particularly those from the genus Allium and Tulbaghia, have been extensively used in traditional medicine for the management of several CVDs and associated risk factors, mainly due to the presence of sulphur-containing compounds. Bearing in mind this potential, the present review aims to gather information on traditional uses ascribed to these genera and provide an updated compilation of in vitro and in vivo studies validating these claims as well as clinical trials carried out in the context of CVDs. Furthermore, the effect of isolated sulphur-containing compounds is presented, and whenever possible, the relation between composition and activity and the mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects are pointed out.

Keywords: Allium; Tulbaghia; antiplatelet aggregation; diabetes; dyslipidaemia; extracts; hypertension; sulphur-containing compounds.

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